Sing Up Foundation | Singing & Health (2024)

You may be asking yourself, how can singing help health and wellbeing? Well, the evidence is overwhelming...
Sing Up Foundation | Singing & Health (1)

There's a wealth of research that proves the benefits of singing on health and wellbeing across the lifespan. One of the Sing Up Foundation's goals through our work is to expand upon the knowledge base for studies specifically involving young people. Below, we've highlighted a few of the benefits of singing in relation to overall health and wellbeing which can be categorised into four main areas - psychological, social, physiological and behavioural.

There are many more studies available and more research is being published all the time. Keep an eye on our site where we will aim to highlight relevant and interesting developments in the area.

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Research Summaries

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Benefits of singing

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Emotional/Psychological

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Social

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Behavioural

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Physiological

Emotional/Psychological

Singing lowers cortisol and relieves stress and tension.Studies have shown that when people sing, endorphins and oxytocin are released by the brain which in turn lowers stress and anxiety levels. Oxytocin (a natural hormone produced in the hypothalamus) also enhances feelings of trust and bonding which also explains the reports that singing also improves depression and feelings of loneliness.

Singing boosts confidence.The release of endorphins gives singers a positive feeling and an energy boost. The act of learning a new skill, improving and being part of a group also helps to influence your confidence and self-esteem.

Singing is a mindful activity.So much is going on in your body and mind when you sing that when you are singing you are fully focused on it. This allows you to ‘turn off’ your stream of consciousness and live completely in the moment, distracting your mind from negative thoughts, focusing on the sound, the action, the breathing, the feeling and the pleasure of song. Mindfulness has been shown to have many benefits, including reducing stress and increasing focus.

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Social

Singing improves social bonding and social cohesion.Singing is an intimate activity and when you share it with others, it helps strengthen bonds. Research has shown that group singing (no matter the quality of the results) is an excellent icebreakerand has even been shown tosynchronise the heartbeatsof those people singing together. When people have mental illness, creating and sustaining social bonds is critical in combatting loneliness and depression.

Singing together creates a strong sense of community and social inclusion. Singing with others enhances the possibilities of empathic relationships and generates a positive group identity. Social inclusion is a key part of recovery for people with mental health needs. Feeling connected to others is not only important in terms of having a social and emotional support system where you feel loved, esteemed and valued, it also encourages healthier behaviour patterns and has a positive influence on overall physical health.

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Behavioural Changes

Singing helps you believe in yourself, increasing self-efficacy.Through the journey of learning a new skill, engaging with others and performing (even if it’s just within the confines of the group itself), you begin to believe in yourself more and in your power to succeed having long-term impacts in other aspects of your life. Research with The Choir With No Name, a homelessness charity, found 60% of participants in a singing group went on to volunteer, get a job or move in to more stable accommodation.

Singing provides an unthreatening way to express emotions.Studies have shown that singing can also be a powerful tool in emotion-focused coping. Instead of eliminating stressful situations from your life (which isn't always possible), emotion-focused coping is a way of managing stress with techniques that help you to become less emotionally reactive to stress.

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Physiological

Singing strengthens the immune system.Immediately after singing, studies have shown that singers hadhigher levels of the protein Immunoglobulin A, an antibody known to benefit the immune function of mucous membranes. High levels of stress and depression (often found in those with mental illness) have been found to impact negatively upon your immune system by activating your body’s fight of flight mechanism, raising your heart rate, interfering with your sleep and diminishing your physical health. Research has also shown that the increased airflow in your lungs during singing also lessens the likelihood of bacteria flourishing in your upper respiratory tract.

Singing improves breathing.When you learn to sing, you learn to breathe well, use your diaphragm and increase your oxygen intake and lung capacity. According to research, this improved breathing and knowledge of the breath also helps people deal with anxiety and panic attacks.

Singing is an aerobic activity and increases overall health.It exercises major muscle groups in the upper body, helping to improve the efficiency of your cardiovascular system and encourages you to take more oxygen into your body, leading to increased alertness.

Singing stimulates the vagus nerve. Connected to the vocal cords and the back of the throat, the vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve in the body, connecting the brain to various organs. A key part of the parasympathetic nervous system, the vagus nerve influences breathing, digestion and heart rate among other things. A 2010 study showed that the more you increase your vagal tone the more your physical and mental health improve and the faster you can relax after stress.

Singing helps with pain.In studies conducted with people suffering chronic pain, singing has been shown to alleviate the pain symptoms for not just immediately afterward but for up to 6 months later. The studies have also shown that singing could have a real impact on the amount of pain relief medication used by participants. This is particularly interesting given the long-term negative side effects that pain medication can have on the body and also the savings that this could mean for the NHS.

View Bibliography

Addressing the social and economic determinants of mental and physical health. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/opportunities_for_Social_Connection_Summary_Nov10.pdf [Accessed 13 Aug. 2023].Barberia, C. (2011). We love a little research, don’t you? | Sing Up. [online] Available at: https://www.singup.org/blog/article/888-we-love-a-little-research-dont-you [Accessed 10 Jan. 2024].Beck, R.J., Cesario, T.C., Yousefi, A. and Enamoto, H. (2000). Choral Singing, Performance Perception, and Immune System Changes in Salivary Immunoglobulin A and Cortisol. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 18(1), pp.87–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/40285902.Bonilha AG, Onofre F, Vieira ML, Prado MY, Martinez JA. Effects of singing classes on pulmonary function and quality of life of COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2009;4:1-8. Epub 2009 Apr 15. PMID: 19436683; PMCID: PMC2672787.Clift, S. (2010). The Significance of Choral Singing for Sustaining Psychological Wellbeing: Findings from a Survey of Choristers in England, Australia and Germany. Music Performance Research, 3 (1), 79-96. Retrieved from https://remix.berklee.edu/mhi-music-mental-health/468Daubenmier J, Hayden D, Chang V, Epel E. It's not what you think, it's how you relate to it: Dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between psychological distress and the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology, Volume 48: 11-18, 2014, ISSN 0306-4530,Fallis J. How to Stimulate Your Vagus Nerve for Better Mental Health. Optimal Living Dynamics. [online] Available at: https://www.optimallivingdynamics.com/blog/how-to-stimulate-your-vagus-nerve-for-better-mental-health-brain-vns-ways-treatment-activate-natural-foods-depression-anxiety-stress-heart-rate-variability-yoga-massage-vagal-tone-dysfunction.Gale N, Enright S, Reagon C, Lewis I, van Deursen R. A pilot investigation of quality of life and lung function following choral singing in cancer survivors and their carers. Ecancermedicalscience. 2012;6:261. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2012.261. Epub 2012 Jul 11. PMID: 22837766; PMCID: PMC3404598.Kenny DT, Faunce G. The impact of group singing on mood, coping, and perceived pain in chronic pain patients attending a multidisciplinary pain clinic. J Music Ther. 2004 Fall;41(3):241-58. doi: 10.1093/jmt/41.3.241. PMID: 15327342.Kreutz G, Bongard S, Rohrmann S, Hodapp V, Grebe D. Effects of choir singing or listening on secretory immunoglobulin A, cortisol, and emotional state. J Behav Med. 2004 Dec;27(6):623-35. doi: 10.1007/s10865-004-0006-9. PMID: 15669447.Layton, J. (2009). Does singing make you happy? [online] HowStuffWorks. Available at: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/singing-happy1.htm.von Lob G, Camic P & Clift S. (2010) The Use of Singing in a Group as a Response to Adverse Life Events, International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 12:3, 45 53, DOI: 10.1080/14623730.2010.9721818Lynch, J, & Wilson, C E (2018). Exploring the impact of choral singing on mindfulness. Psychology of Music, 46(6), 848-861. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735617729452Pearce E, L Jacques and, Dunbar R I. M. (2015) The ice-breaker effect: singing mediates fast social bonding R. Soc. Open Sci.2150221150221. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150221Ox.ac.uk. (2015). Singing’s secret power: The Ice-breaker Effect | University of Oxford. [online] Available at: https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2015-10-28-singing%E2%80%99s-secret-power-ice-breaker-effect-1 [Accessed 10 Jan. 2024].Ruiz-Blais S, Orini M and Chew E (2020) Heart Rate Variability Synchronizes When Non-experts Vocalize Together. Front. Physiol. 11:762. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00762Sample, I. and editor, I.S.S. (2023). ‘A mega-mechanism for bonding’: why singing together does us good. The Guardian. [online] 15 Dec. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/dec/15/a-mega-mechanism-for-bonding-why-singing-together-does-us-good [Accessed 10 Jan. 2024].Sanal, A. M., & Gorsev, S. (2014). Psychological and physiological effects of singing in a choir. Psychology of Music, 42(3), 420-429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735613477181Vooght, C. (2017) The Choir With No Name gives hope to the homeless. The Independent. [online] Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/the-choir-with-no-name-gives-hope-to-the-homeless-a7578241.html [Accessed 10 Jan. 2024].Welch, G. (2019). The benefits of singing | Sing Up. [online] Available at: https://www.singup.org/blog/article/1390-the-benefits-of-singing/Welch, Graham. (2012). The Benefits of Singing for Adolescents. Accessed online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273427833_The_Benefits_of_Singing_for_Adolescents

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FAQs

Does singing lower cortisol? ›

Researchers in that study found that the amount of cortisol was lower after singing, an indication that people felt more relaxed after they'd belted out a tune. They also found singing reduces stress levels whether the participants were singing in a group or by themselves.

What happens to your brain when you sing? ›

By increasing blood flow through the body, singing also encourages the brain to release feel-good chemicals such as endorphins, and helps to strengthen neural pathways and increase neuroplasticity (the brain's ability to change and adapt to new experiences).

Can singing improve your health? ›

Singing is an aerobic activity and increases overall health. It exercises major muscle groups in the upper body, helping to improve the efficiency of your cardiovascular system and encourages you to take more oxygen into your body, leading to increased alertness. Singing stimulates the vagus nerve.

What happens to the body when you sing? ›

Studies into the health benefits of singing conducted at Canterbury University showed positive associations between singing and feelings of well-being: Greater relaxation responses. Improved breathing and benefit to the heart and immune system n better posture. Enhanced social, spiritual and emotional benefits.

What exercise reduces cortisol the most? ›

One study found that, compared to running, swimming was more effective in reducing cortisol. Submerging your whole body in water can also be therapeutic – the repetition of a swimming stroke gives you something to focus your mind on.

What raises cortisol the most? ›

An unhealthy diet filled with added sugars and processed foods will raise cortisol levels and put you at a greater risk for high blood pressure and diabetes.

How long should you practice singing a day? ›

Typically, aim for 15-30 minutes a day to establish a routine without overwhelming yourself. Intermediate singers may benefit from extending their practice time to 30-60 minutes a day, focusing on refining specific techniques, scales, or songs.

What happens to your voice when you sing too much? ›

Danger of Oversinging

The first thing that happens is swelling in the vocal chords. If you don't take caution when you have swollen vocal chords you will start seeing bigger problems like nodules or polyps on the chords and even bleeding.

Does singing help you lose weight? ›

Livestrong.com states that, “A person weighing 150 pounds will burn approximately 100 calories singing for an hour while sitting down, and a 200-pound individual will burn about 140 calories.” If singing while standing, calories burned increase to 140 and 180, respectively.

Why do people sing in the shower? ›

It turns out we do it for many reasons: stress relief, happiness, great acoustics, or maybe just because we like to hear our own voices. No matter what the reason, keep it up. It's good for you. And if you've never tried it, pick a song, grab the showerhead and put on your own private concert.

Does singing activate the vagus nerve? ›

Singing – especially the loud kind – involves deep breathing and a big old vibration of the vocal cords. Even better, it's a sure-fire way to activate the Vagus Nerve.

Is singing good for blood pressure? ›

Singing lowers your blood pressure.

There have been several case studiesthat have revealed that singing can decrease blood pressure due to it's calming and relaxing effect. Patients have been able to calm themselves down and lower blood pressure readings when in the hospital by singing hymns.

Is singing every day good? ›

Engaging in daily singing sessions can do wonders for your voice beyond just improving your vocal abilities. It can also have a positive impact on your mental well-being. Singing releases endorphins, the feel-good hormones, which can elevate your mood and reduce stress levels.

What is the organ for singing? ›

The larynx or, as you may have heard of it referred to as, your 'voice box', is a muscular organ that holds your vocal cords. It also serves to form an air passage down to your lungs. The larynx is made up of bone and cartilage, and is found on top of your trachea (your windpipe), which connects down into your lungs.

What does singing do to your brain? ›

We all know there's a perfect song for every mood. But singing, particularly in a group, also boosts the release of endorphins and serotonin – feel-good happy hormones. Performing live also stimulates adrenaline, and singing improves your immune system by reducing the stress hormone cortisol.

Does music lower cortisol? ›

Pleasing music can reduce blood flow to the amygdala (otherwise known as the 'fear centre' of the brain), lower the production of cortisol (AKA the 'Stress hormone') and increase our dopamine levels.

What hormones does singing release? ›

There's an increasing amount of evidence that singing releases endorphins, serotonin and dopamine – the 'happy' chemicals that boost your mood and make you feel good about yourself.

What lowers high cortisol? ›

For example, omega-3 fatty acids — healthy fats found in fatty fish like salmon, chia seeds and flaxseeds — have been shown to help reduce cortisol levels. You can get omega-3s from fish oil supplements. Vitamin D, which is also available as a supplement, has also been linked to lower cortisol levels.

What frequency reduces cortisol levels? ›

An hour of exposure to a low frequency sound (40–115 Hz) diminishes the hematic cortisol concentration in 86% of the testers. On the other hand, high frequencies (8200–8500 Hz).

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