Gregoriansk sang (2024)

Gregoriansk sang (1)Gregoriansk sang er den eldste kirkemusikalske tradisjon i middelalderens vestlige kristendom. De eldste noterte eksempler er fra 900-tallet men en del av melodiene kan være mye eldre. Disse kirkesangene ble nedtegnet og systematisert i løpet av 1100- og 1200-tallet. Systemet er kalt opp etter pave Gregor (540-604), men er resultat av en senere utvikling og kan ikke tilskrives ham.

Typiske kjennetegn for gregoriansk sang:

  • Enstemmig, vanligvis mannlig sang uten instrumenter.
  • Kirkelige, ofte bibelske, latinske tekster. Musikkens funksjon var liturgisk, gudstjenestelig.
  • Musikken var underordnet teksten og liturgien.
  • Musikkens uttrykk kan beskrives som upersonlig, objektivt og livsfjernt, i tråd med musikkens funksjon. Det sanselige eller følelsesladde er underordnet det å uttrykke tekstens religiøse innhold.
  • Rytmen er fri og fleksibel og uten en fast metrikk, men følger stort sett språkrytmen.
  • Melodikken er hovedsaklig trinnvis, med få store intervaller. Det melodiske omfanget er lite, fra én til én og en halv oktav.
  • Melodikken følger de åtte tradisjonelle kirketoneartene. Hver toneart har en klar grunntone (finalis eller tonika) og en dominerende tone (tenor el. dominant). Hver kirketoneart har sitt særpreg og spesielle struktur.
  • Idealet var enkelhet og harmoni i det melodiske uttrykk.
  • Melodisk var det gjerne slik at sprang følges av trinnvis bevegelse. Og bevegelse i én retning følges normalt av bevegelse i motsatt retning.

Når man skal beskrive gregoriansk sang (og andre musikkformer) er det to begrepspar som er nyttige.

Er sangen syllabisk eller melismatisk? Syllabisk vil si at det stort sett er én tone per stavelse i teksten. Melismatisk vil si at det er flere toner for hver stavelse i teksten.

Er sangen et responsorium eller en antifon? I et responsorium er det en forsanger (eller en liten gruppe) som synger en frase, denne svares så av hele koret. I en antfional sang er det to likeverdige kor som alternerer.

Hildegard von Bingen

Den gregorianske sang som er nedtegnet og bevart opp til vår tid er i det store og hele uten kjente komponister. Den tidligste musikk vi vet kan knyttes til en bestemt person er komposisjoner av Hildegard von Bingen (1098 - 1179). Hennes stil hadde utgangspunkt i gregoriansk sang men skilte seg fra denne på noen måter: Hennes melodier kunne ha et mye større omfang enn vanlig, hun brukte oftere og større sprang enn vanlig og i det hele tatt var musikken hennes mer dramatisk og uttrykksfull - i kontrast til den tradisjonelle gregorianske sangs avbalanserte og harmoniske karakter.

Eksempler på gregoriansk sang:

Responsorium: Alleluia - Ascendit Deus in jubilatione. Denne er melismatisk og i en variant av frygisk modus.

Sekvensen Dies Irae. Denne er syllabisk og i dorisk modus.

Hildegard von Bingen: O viridissima virgo


Dette er en av Kristian Evensens musikksider
Copyright©2010 KristianEvensen Gregoriansk sang (2)

Gregoriansk sang (2024)

FAQs

What is the meaning of the Gregorian chant? ›

Gregorian chant, monophonic, or unison, liturgical music of the Roman Catholic Church, used to accompany the text of the mass and the canonical hours, or divine office. Gregorian chant is named after St. Gregory I, during whose papacy (590–604) it was collected and codified.

Who sings Gregorian chant? ›

Gregorian chant was traditionally sung by choirs of men and boys in churches, or by men and women of religious orders in their chapels. It is the music of the Roman Rite, performed in the Mass and the monastic Office.

Is Gregorian chant healing? ›

Dr. Alan Watkins, a neuroscientist at Imperial College of London, has shown that the Gregorian Chant can lower blood pressure and help reduce anxiety and depression.

What are the benefits of the Gregorian chant? ›

The Gregorian Chant And Its Benefits

It has been shown in many studies to reduce anxiety, lower blood pressure, and to even help the speech fluency of stroke victims.

Why is Gregorian chant so calming? ›

It has the power to pull us into the present moment - to focus on the “journey of now”, to borrow Tolle's term. It is poignant in its simplicity. It allows you to relax, providing simple music to focus your attention and calm your mind.

What is the myth of the Gregorian chant? ›

According to legend, Gregorian chant was the most sacred and authentic form of liturgical chant as it was believed to have been sung to Gregory I by the Holy Spirit who appeared to him in the form of a white dove.

Do people still sing Gregorian chant? ›

Although the Roman Catholic Church no longer requires people to sing Gregorian chants, it still says that Gregorian chant is the best music for prayer. Christians have sung songs without music since the earliest days of the Church.

What does Gregorian chant do to the brain? ›

Gregorian chants can help us tune our brains into the alpha waves by enabling us to focus on the structure of the rhythms without even knowing it. The chants can help us to increase awareness, set goals, improve a skill and understand our life's purpose.

How is Gregorian chant used today? ›

Gregorian chant is no longer required as part of Roman Catholic liturgy, but its use is still encouraged. And it has a following beyond church walls. In 1994 the Angel record label released a recording of Gregorian chants performed by Spanish monks.

What makes Gregorian chant unique? ›

From the start, Gregorian chant has had two key distinguishing features: It is unaccompanied, meaning that there are no musical instruments accompanying the singing. It is monophonic, which means that there is just one melodic line followed by all the singers.

Is Gregorian chant prayer? ›

The use of Gregorian chant as a means of prayer is not something new or a novelty, on the contrary, it is a form of prayer and praise that has been intonated for more than twelve hundred years every day and in every part of the world.

What is Gregorian used for? ›

The Gregorian Calendar is a system for determining the date that was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in the year 1582 AD. It is based on the movement of the earth around the sun (which means it's a solar calendar) and includes leap years.

What best describes a Gregorian chant? ›

The word that best describes Gregorian Chant is Monophonic. A monophonic texture refers to a single melodic line without any harmonic accompaniment. In other words, it's a musical texture that consists of a single unaccompanied melody.

What is the meaning of Gregorian? ›

1. : of or relating to Pope Gregory I. 2. : of, relating to, or having the characteristics of Gregorian chant. Gregorian.

What is the difference between chant and Gregorian chant? ›

As a monophonic melody, a plainchant is sung a cappella without any added voices or instruments. Gregorian chant is a subset of plainchant written on a four-staff scale. However, Gregorian chant uses modern-day notes and is polyphonic.

What was the Gregorian chant originally noted with? ›

Answer: Gregorian Chant was originally notated with neumes.

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